Vocabulary and Etymology / Week3

• hydr- “water”

a variant of  hydro

hydrant

-       Meaning:

1.    an upright pipe with a spout, nozzle, or other outlet, usually in the street,  for drawing water from a main or service pipe, especially for fighting fires.

2.    a water faucet.

-       Example:

Now they will connect it with the hydrant, and have water a plenty to save the house.

hydrous

-       Meaning:

1.    containing water

2.    Chemistry. containing water or its elements in some kind of union, as in hydrates or hydroxides.

-       Example:

        Rocks containing limonite, a hydrous iron oxide, may be identified readily from Landsat Multispectral Scanner data.

• de-

a prefix occurring in loanwords from Latin; also used to indicate privation, removal, and separation, negation, descent, reversal, intensity.

Origin of de-

prefix

1.    removal of or from something specified

deforest (v.)

-       meaning: to divest or clear of forests or trees

-       example: Poor planning deforested the area in ten years.

2.    reversal of something

desegregate (v.)

-       meaning: to eliminate racial segregation in (a school or other public institution)

-       example: The school system itself is not totally desegregated.

3.    departure from

decamp (v.)

-       meaning: to depart from a camp; to pack up equipment and leave a camping ground:

-       example: We decamped before the rain began.

• pan-

a combining form meaning “all”

prefix

1.    all or every

panchromatic (adj.)

-       meaning: sensitive to all visible colors, as a photographic film.

-       example: This effect was obtained by the use of a panchromatic plate  in conjunction with a red color screen.

2.    including or relating to all parts or member

Pan-African (adj.)

-       meaning: of or relating to all African nations or peoples.

-       example: The Pan- African movement when it comes will not, however, be merely a narrow racial propaganda.

pantheistic (n.)

-       meaning: any religious belief or philosophical doctrine that identifies God with the universe.

-       example: We should watch and pray that we enter not into the temptation of pantheistic belief in matter as sensible mind.

vocabulary

WEEK 4 

alacrity noun / speed and eagerness

aspirant noun / someone who very much wants to achieve something

belligerent adjective / wishing to fight or argue

belittle verb / to make a person or an action seem as if he, she or it is not important

castigate verb / to criticize someone or something severely

disdain noun / the feeling of not liking someone or something and thinking that they do not deserve your interest or respect

dregs noun / the small solid pieces that sink to the bottom of some liquids, such as wine or

coffee, that are not usually drunk

feint verb / to pretend to move

frenzy noun / uncontrolled and excited behavior or emotion that is sometimes violent

intimidate verb / to frighten or threaten someone

laceration noun / a cut

octogenarian noun / a person who is between 80 and 89 years old

promulgate to verb / spread beliefs or ideas among a lot of people

pugnacious adjective / wanting to start an argument or fight, or expressing an argument oropinion very forcefully

WEEK 5

rampant adjective / getting worse quickly and in an uncontrolled way

inane adjective / extremely silly or with no real meaning or importance

ethics noun / a system of accepted beliefs that control behaviour, especially such a system based on morals

concur verb / to agree or have the same opinion

clandestine adjective / planned or done in secret, especially describing something that is not officially allowed

flagrant adjective/ shocking because of being so obvious

admonish verb / to tell someone that they have done something wrong

duress noun / threats used to force a person to do something

culprit noun / someone who has done something wrong

inexorable adjective / continuing without any possibility of being stopped

egregious adjective / extremely bad in a way that is very noticeable

distraught adjective / extremely worried, nervous, or upset

duplicity noun / dishonest talk or behaviour, especially by saying different things to two people

acrimonious adjective / full of anger, arguments, and bad feeling

paucity noun / the fact that there is too little of something

elicit verb / to get or produce something, especially information or a reaction

pernicious adjective / having a very harmful effect or influence

tolerate verb / to accept behaviour and beliefs that are different from your own, although you might not agree with or approve of them

construe verb / 

impunity noun / freedom from punishment or from the unpleasant results of something that has been done

WEEK 6

affluent adjective / having a lot of money or owning a lot of things

chagrin noun  / disappointment or anger, especially when caused by a failure or mistake

confidant noun / a person you trust and share your feelings and secrets with

consternation noun / a feeling of worry, shock, or confusion

deride verb / to laugh at someone or something in a way that shows you think they are stupid or of no value

discern verb / to see, recognize, or understand something that is not clear

disparage verb / to criticize someone or something in a way that shows you do not respect or value him, her, or it

dubious adjective /  thought not to be completely true or not able to be trusted  

eschew verb / to avoid something intentionally, or to give something up 

feasible adjective /  able to be made, done, or achieved

fiasco noun / something planned that goes wrong and is a complete failure, usually in an embarrassing way

laudable adjective / deserving praise, even if there is little or no success

masticate verb / to chew

obsolescence noun / the quality of being obsolete

 perfunctory adjective / done quickly, without taking care or interest

perverse adjective / strange and not what most people would expect or enjoy

precocious adjective / showing mental development or achievement much earlier than usual

quell verb / to stop something, especially by using force

sally noun / a sudden attack on an enemy, especially when they are surrounding you

voluble adjective / speaking a lot,with confidence and enthusiasm